Analisis Alternatif Kebijakan Pengendalian Pencemaran Aliran Sungai Musi Lorong Sawah Kota Palembang Melalui Pengembangan Sistem Septic Tank Komunal Berbasis Masyarakat

Abstract

Pollution of the Musi River in the Lorong Sawah area, located on the border of 30 Ilir and 32 Ilir Urban Villages, Palembang City, is primarily caused by the direct discharge of domestic wastewater into the river, inadequate access to proper sanitation, and weak environmental monitoring. This study aims to identify the factors contributing to river pollution and formulate the most appropriate policy alternative for controlling domestic wastewater pollution. This study employed a mixed methods approach with a descriptive design. Qualitative data were collected through observations, interviews, documentation, and literature review, while quantitative data were obtained from estimates of costs, benefits, effectiveness, and policy alternative weighting, which were analyzed using Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA), Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA), and Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (CEA). The findings identified five policy alternatives: strengthening sanctions and environmental monitoring, constructed wetlands, domestic wastewater phytoremediation, trash barrier implementation, and community-based communal septic tanks. Based on the evaluation results, community-based communal septic tanks were identified as the most optimal policy alternative, achieving the highest MCDA score, the highest Net Present Value (NPV), and the greatest effectiveness in reducing domestic wastewater pollution. This study recommends integrating community-based communal septic tanks with strengthened environmental monitoring and phytoremediation as a more effective and sustainable strategy for controlling river pollution.