Analisis Alternatif Kebijakan Pengelolaan Sampah di TPA Palemraya: Evaluasi Berbasis Kerangka Dunn dan Cost-Effectiveness Analysis

Abstract

Palemraya Landfill (TPA Palemraya) in North Indralaya District, Ogan Ilir Regency continues to operate under an open dumping system despite prohibition regulations in force since 2008. This reflects a systemic failure of policy implementation marked by absent oversight mechanisms for over five years since Regional Regulation No. 5/2020 was enacted, lack of technical SOPs, limited regional budget, and inadequate operational facilities. Responding to this, Ministry of Environment imposed administrative sanctions on 273 landfills across Indonesia through the Decree of the Minister of Environment Number 245 of 2025. This study aims to comprehensively identify the root causes and formulate recommendations that are technically, financially, and institutionally feasible. A qualitative descriptive approach was employed. Data were collected through field observations in April 2025 and January 2026, in-depth interviews with three informant groups (Ogan Ilir DLH staff, the landfill guard, and a waste collector), and regulatory document review. Data were analyzed using Miles and Huberman interactive model. Policy alternatives were evaluated using William N. Dunn, framework based on six criteria: effectiveness, efficiency, adequacy, equity, responsiveness, and appropriateness, supplemented by Cost-Effectiveness Analysis (CEA). Findings identify eight interrelated core problems forming a policy failure cycle. Among four evaluated alternatives, the gradual transformation from open dumping to controlled landfill and sanitary landfill is the most feasible with the best CEA ratio (0.81), as it addresses all problem. This is synergistically supported by regulatory strengthening via SOPs and periodic monitoring in the short-term, public-private partnerships (KPBU) in the medium-term, and waste shredding machines as a long-term component.